Intro To Information Technology

Modulation
Demodulation
Bandwidth
TCP/IP
Node
Client
Server
Network Operating Systems
Network Administrator



Modulation

• also known as continuous wave modulation
• the addition of information (or the signal) to an electronic or optical signal carrier
• can be applied to direct current (mainly by turning it on and off), to alternating current, and to optical signals
• examples of modulation methods are Amplitude modulation (AM), Frequency modulation (FM), Phase modulation (PM)
• to encode both digital and analog information in a binary way

• also known as network bandwith, data bandwith, or digital andwith
• is a bit rate or net bit rate(also known as peak bit rate, information rate or physical layer useful bit rate)
• measure of a logical or physical communication path in a digital communication system
• measure the maximum throughput of a computer network

• also known as network admin
• is the person responsible for the maintenance of computer ardware and software that comprises a computer network
• their jobs include deploying, configuring, maintaining and developing active network equipment
• support personnel that only work on break/fix issues that could not be resolved
• manages a local area communications network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) for an organization

• Disk Caching
• Gile Compression
• File Decompression
• Internet Hard Drive
• Optical Disc Drive
• Solid-State Storage

Disk Caching

• is a mechanism for improving the time it takes to read from or write to a hard disk 
• included as part of the hard disk
• can also be a specified portion of random access memory(RAM)
• holds data that has recently been read and, in some cases, adjacent data areas that are likely to be accessed next

File Compression

• also know as Data Compression
• to encode data before sending it to another place
• commonly used when sending a file from one computer to another over a connection that has limited bandwidth
• makes the file smaller and, therefore, the sending of the file is faster

File Decompression

• reverse of  file compression-decoding of compressed data to restore the unique data

Internet Hard Drive

• to access user's computer files such as pictures, documents, music, videos, etc. from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet
• unlike local hard drive, an internet hard drive provides unlimited disk space
• lower risk to loose documents

Optical Disc Drive

• also known as ODD
• uses laser light or electromagnetic waves to read the data from a disc
• used in computers to read software and consumer media distributed in disc form, and to record discs for archival and data exchange

Solid-State Storage

• also known as SSD
• is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store data providing access in the same manner of a traditional hard disk drive
• it contains no mechanical parts, everything is done electronically
• data transfer at a much higher speed

• Ergonomic Keyboard
• Ink-Jet Printer
• Laser Printer
• Magnetic-Ink Printer
• Optical-Character Recognition
• Optical-Mark Recognition

Ergonomic Keyboard 

• computer keyboard that separates the keys into two halves shaped like a wide "V"
• some have a fixed layout, while others are movable
• puts less stress on the hands and wrist and winds up being comfortable platform for typing, for most people.
• designed to to relieve sometimes painful conditions, minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems

Ink-Jet Printer
Optical-Character Recognition


Optical-Mark Recognition

• compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data
• connects digital audio/video sources for examples HD DVD player, PlayStation 3 to compatible digital audio devices like video projector and digital TV

Ethernet port is a family of frame-based computer-networking technologies which connects the computer to the internet modem for local are networks (LAN).

Firewire port also known as High Performance Serial Bus (HPSB).

Firewire is :

• allows connetion between a computer to many different types of peripheral devices
• a very high-speed rate of data transfer that will accommodate multimedia applications for example digital camcorder

Parallel port is also known as :

• printer port 
• Centronics port

A Parallel port is :

• socket on a computer used to connect various peripherals
• to send or receive a huge amount of data in a short distance
• allows eight data bits transferring simultaneously

Serial port is :

• A socket on a computer used to connect a modem, or other device especially in data acquisition terminal
• runs at a very slow speeds
• on the back of a PC is a male 9-pin connector
• good for long distance

Universal Serial Bus port also known as USB.

The USB is :

• the most common type of computer port used in today's computers
• used to connect devices like keyboards, mice, game controllers, printers, scanners, digital cameras ect
• faster than older ports, such as serial and parallel ports

Plug and Play is:

• allows to add new components or devices to a system automatically 
• for examples: headphone, microphone, mouse ect
• recognizes the attached peripheral devices then adjust the appropriate internal settings when starting the computer

Network Interface Card also known as NIC.

Netwok Interface Card is :

• a computer circuit board
• a card that is installed in a computer to make connection between it and the network cable
• provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network

Also called :

• Sound Board
• Audio Adaptor

Sound Card is :

• a plug-in card that records and plays back sound
• provide an input port for a microphone or other sound source
• output ports to speakers and amplifiers

Also known as :

• Video Card
• Video Adapter
• Graphic Adapter

Graphic Card is :

• the plug-in card in a desktop computer
• creates the electronic signals required by the monitor
• an expansion card that allows the computer to send graphical information to a video display device

Flash Memory is :

• a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
• primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state drives.
• used for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory.


ROM is :

• nonvolatile
• computer memory on which data has been prerecorded
• data cannot be removed and can only be read
• retain its contents even when the computer is turned off
• used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printer

Cache is :

• to store data locally in order to speed up subsequent retrievals
• Reserved areas of memory in every computer that are used to speed up instruction execution, data retrieval and data updating.
• serve as staging areas, and their contents are constantly changing.
• take advantage that same data item is often reused many times.
• holds copies of recently accessed data such as a web page and pictures on web pages

RAM stands for Random Access Memory.


RAM is :

• small, both in physical size and in the amount of data it can hold.
• any storage location can be accessed directly
• faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM.
• data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running

• RAM
• Cache
• ROM
• Flash Memory
• Graphic Card
• Sound Card
• Network Interface Card
• Plug and Play
• Universal Serial Bus port (USB)
• Serial port
• Parallel port
• Firewire port
• Ethernet port
• High Definition Multimedia Interface port (HDMI)

Vector Image is:

• a computer image that uses a Wire Frame or Outlines to define a shapes area
• made up of mathematical descriptions of paths and fills to define the graphic
• is drawn in shapes, points, curves, polygon/s and lines called paths
• tend to have a small electronic file size (KB or MB)
• can be enlarged and there is no loss of image quality
• not good at handling images that have textures such as Photos
• can change the color of individual objects without worrying about individual pixels
• not appropriate for use in producing realistic-looking photos and images

HTML Editor is:

• stands for HyperText Markup Language which is used to develop web pages
• an authoring tool and a software program that insert HTML code as user create HTML file
• code editors offer add different colors to different HTML tags that can help in identification
• WYSIWYG HTML editors provide an editing interface which resembles how the page will be displayed in a web browser

Bitmap Image is:

• a type of graphic composed of pixels (picture element) in a grid
• each pixel or "bit" contains color information for the image
• has a fixed resolution which means that resizing a bitmap graphic can result in distortion and jagged edges
• does not need to contain a bit of color-coded information for each pixel on every row
• Some common bitmap formats are GIF, JPG or JPEG,TIFF, PNG, PICT, PCX and BMP

Audio Editing Software is:

• to create and record unique voice and music mix files
• to edit recordings including cut and paste options and the ability to edit tag or media information
• to record favorite podcasts, internet radio stations and other types of streaming audio. 
• pull audio from a video or audio file, CDs, DVDs or sound card
• to convert file formats (eg. from a MIDI to an MP3, WMA, WAV or OGG file)
• can restore the sound of aged LPs or damaged audio recordings
• to filter out background noises, static or other unwanted noise

Web Authoring is:

• a category of software that enables the user to develop a web site in a desktop publishing format
• required HTML coding for the layout of the Web pages that the user designs
• can be toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML code
• make changes to the Web page in either the design of the accompanying code
• allows Web pages to be visually created like a desktop publishing program

Utility Suites is:

• a collection of different tools all packaged into one easy to use tool that optimize you computer
• to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer
• more appealing when Windows included fewer safety and maintenance features
• examples, history cleaner, temp file cleaner, registry cleaner, Internet usage tracks cleaner, anit-virus

DBMS is:

• stands for DataBase Management System
• a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data
• controls the organization, storage, retrieval, security and integrity of data in a database
• accept requests from the application
• instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data
• allows information system be change more easily as the user's requirements change such as store, modify and extract information from a database
• examples of DBMS are MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft Access

Spreadsheet is:

• a computer application that acts as a paper or accounting worksheet
• allows users to create and manipulate data and values
• display multiple cells in two-dimentional and three-dimentional matrix or grid consisting of rows and columns
• enable users to produce charts and graphs from the data
• commonly used for financial information
• ables to re-calculate the entire sheet automatically
• examples of spreadsheet applications are Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Excel